方法对比

	在线学习	主动学习
领域	机器学习	机器学习
方法族	Machine learning	Machine learning
起源年份	1958–2000s	2009
提出者	Rosenblatt, F.; Littlestone, N.; Shalev-Shwartz, S. (key contributors)	Burr Settles
类型	Learning paradigm (sequential model update)	Interactive supervised learning framework
开创性文献	Shalev-Shwartz, S. (2011). Online Learning and Online Convex Optimization. Foundations and Trends in Machine Learning, 4(2), 107–194.	Settles, B. (2009). Active learning literature survey. University of Wisconsin-Madison Computer Sciences Technical Report 1648.
别名	incremental learning, sequential learning, streaming learning, online machine learning	Query Learning, Optimal Experimental Design (ML context), Pool-Based Active Learning, Aktif Öğrenme
相关	6	2
摘要	Online learning is a machine learning paradigm in which a model is updated incrementally as each new data point arrives, rather than being trained once on a fixed dataset. It is essential when data streams continuously, storage is limited, or the underlying distribution shifts over time. Theoretical performance is measured by cumulative regret relative to the best fixed predictor in hindsight.	Active learning is an iterative machine-learning paradigm in which a learning algorithm selectively queries an oracle — typically a human annotator — for labels on the most informative unlabeled examples. Formalized by Burr Settles in his seminal 2009 literature survey, active learning addresses the practical bottleneck of annotation cost by achieving high model accuracy with far fewer labeled examples than passive supervised learning requires.