方法对比

	在线田野笔记	现场记录
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1990s–2000s (digital extension of classical field notes practice)	Late 19th century (formalized in 20th century)
提出者	Extended from ethnographic field note tradition (Emerson, Fretz & Shaw); digital adaptation via Kozinets and virtual ethnography scholars	Rooted in 19th-century anthropology and sociology; systematized by ethnographers such as Bronislaw Malinowski and later Robert Emerson et al.
类型	Qualitative data collection technique	Qualitative data collection and recording technique
开创性文献	Emerson, R. M., Fretz, R. I., & Shaw, L. L. (2011). Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes (2nd ed.). University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 978-0226206837	Emerson, R. M., Fretz, R. I., & Shaw, L. L. (1995). Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes. University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 978-0226206813
别名	digital field notes, virtual field notes, e-field notes, netnographic field notes	fieldnotes, observational notes, ethnographic notes, jottings
相关	5	6
摘要	Online field notes are structured, researcher-authored records of observations made within digital environments — social media platforms, online communities, virtual worlds, forums, and video-mediated spaces. Adapted from the classical ethnographic field note tradition, they capture not only what is observed but how the researcher interprets and situates those observations in real time, forming a primary data source for virtual ethnography and netnography.	Field notes are detailed written records created by researchers during or immediately after direct observation in a naturalistic setting. They capture what is seen, heard, and experienced — including behaviors, interactions, physical environments, and the researcher's own analytic impressions — forming the primary data source for ethnographic and observational studies.