方法对比

	在线文档收集	API数据收集
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1990s–2000s (digital / web era)	2000s–2010s (formalized as a research method)
提出者	Adapted from traditional document analysis; digital form emerged with widespread internet adoption	Emerged from computational social science and web 2.0 platform practices
类型	Qualitative / mixed-methods data collection technique	Digital data collection technique
开创性文献	Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27–40.	Salganik, M. J. (2018). Bit by Bit: Social Research in the Digital Age. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 9780691158648
别名	digital document collection, web document gathering, online archival data collection, digital records collection	API data harvesting, API-driven data collection, programmatic data retrieval, API research data collection
相关	5	5
摘要	Online document collection is the systematic process of identifying, retrieving, and compiling digital documents — including web pages, institutional publications, social media posts, policy documents, and digital archives — as primary or supplementary research data. It extends classical document analysis into internet-mediated environments, enabling researchers to access large, geographically dispersed corpora without fieldwork travel or physical archive access.	API-based data collection is a systematic technique in which a researcher sends structured requests to an application programming interface to retrieve data automatically from digital platforms, databases, or services. It is the primary method used in computational social science to gather large-scale social media records, government open data, financial data streams, and scientific repository content in machine-readable formats such as JSON or XML, enabling reproducible and scalable data acquisition that manual collection cannot match.