方法对比

	海洋-大气耦合模型	大气环流模型	SWAT 模型
领域	地球物理学	地球物理学	地球物理学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1975	1975	1998
提出者	Syukuro Manabe, Kirk Bryan, and others	Syukuro Manabe and Richard Wetherald	Jeff Arnold and others at USDA-ARS
类型	Coupled atmosphere-ocean climate system simulation	Deterministic coupled atmosphere-ocean simulation	Process-based watershed and water quality simulation
开创性文献	Manabe, S., Bryan, K., & Spelman, M. J. (1975). A global ocean-atmosphere climate model with seasonal variation for future studies of climate sensitivity. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 5(1), 3-29.	Manabe, S., & Wetherald, R. T. (1975). The effects of doubling the CO2 concentration on the climate of a general circulation model. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 32(1), 3-15.	Arnold, J. G., Srinivasan, R., Muttiah, R. S., & Williams, J. R. (1998). Large area hydrologic modeling and assessment part I: Model development. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 34(1), 73-89.
别名	AOGCM	GCM, Global Climate Model	SWAT
相关	3	3	3
摘要	An Ocean-Atmosphere Coupled Model (AOGCM) is a comprehensive climate simulation that couples dynamic general circulation models of the atmosphere and ocean with explicit exchange of heat, momentum, and moisture at the interface. Developed by Manabe, Bryan, and colleagues in the 1970s, coupled models are essential for simulating climate change, ocean circulation changes, and climate-ocean interactions over decadal to centennial timescales.	A General Circulation Model (GCM), also called a Global Climate Model, is a three-dimensional numerical representation of the Earth's atmosphere, oceans, ice, and land surface that simulates physical processes governing weather and climate. Pioneered by Manabe and Wetherald in 1975, GCMs are the primary tools for understanding past climate, projecting future climate change, and investigating climate sensitivity to greenhouse gases and other forcings.	The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is a process-based watershed model that simulates the hydrological cycle, sediment transport, nutrient cycling, pesticide fate, and land management impacts across a watershed or large basin. Developed by Jeff Arnold and colleagues at USDA-ARS in 1998, SWAT has become a standard tool for evaluating non-point source pollution, assessing climate change impacts on water resources, and designing best management practices.