方法对比

	纽伦堡准则	“贝尔蒙特报告” (Belmont Report)
领域	研究伦理	研究伦理
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1947	1979
提出者	International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg (Allied Powers)	National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research (US DHEW)
类型	Framework	Framework
开创性文献	Nuremberg Military Tribunal. (1947). Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law No. 10. United States Government Printing Office.	National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. (1979). The Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
别名	Code of Nuremberg, Ten Principles	Belmont Principles, Three Ethical Principles
相关	4	5
摘要	The Nuremberg Code (1947) is the first international ethical code governing human experimentation, established by the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg following trials of Nazi physicians for conducting torture and unethical experiments on concentration camp prisoners. Its ten principles, led by absolute requirement for voluntary informed consent, became the foundation for all modern research ethics governance and remain the gold standard for protecting research subjects from exploitation and abuse.	The Belmont Report (1979) is the foundational US ethical framework for human subjects research, established by the National Commission following the Tuskegee Syphilis Study scandal. It articulates three core principles—Respect for Persons, Beneficence, and Justice—that form the basis for institutional review and regulatory oversight of human research globally. Every researcher conducting human studies must understand and apply these principles.