方法对比

	规范化过程理论 (NPT)	实施研究综合框架 (CFIR)
领域	实施科学	实施科学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2006	2009
提出者	May, C. R.	Damschroder, L. J., Aron, D. C., et al.
类型	Framework	Framework
开创性文献	May, C. R. (2006). A rational model for assessing and evaluating complex interventions in health care. BMC Health Services Research, 6, 86.	Damschroder, L. J., Aron, D. C., Keith, R. E., Kirsh, S. R., Alexander, J. A., & Lowson, E. (2009). Fostering implementation of health services research findings into practice: a consolidated framework for advancing implementation science. Implementation Science, 4, 50.
别名	NPT, normalization theory, routinization	CFIR, CFIR model, consolidated framework
相关	5	5
摘要	Normalization Process Theory (NPT) is a sociological framework developed by Carl May and colleagues to explain how new interventions become routinely embedded ('normalized') in organizational and clinical practice. Unlike efficiency-focused frameworks that measure adoption and fidelity, NPT explains the social processes through which interventions transition from external innovations to normal practice. NPT identifies four key mechanisms (Coherence, Cognitive Participation, Collective Action, Reflexive Monitoring) that collectively determine whether an intervention becomes 'the way we do things here' or remains a temporary project.	The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) is a five-domain model designed to systematically evaluate the factors influencing implementation success of evidence-based interventions in health systems. Developed by Damschroder et al. (2009) and refined through extensive use across health domains, CFIR provides a structured vocabulary and taxonomy of 39 constructs that identify implementation barriers and facilitators across intervention characteristics, organizational context, individual factors, and implementation process.