方法对比

	New Public Management Assessment	Digital Government Assessment
领域	Public Administration	Public Administration
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1991	2020
提出者	Christopher Hood	OECD digital-government programme
类型	Analytical assessment framework	Composite benchmarking index
开创性文献	Hood, C. (1991). A Public Management for All Seasons? Public Administration, 69(1), 3–19.	OECD. Digital Government Index (DGI) and Digital Government Policy Framework. OECD, Paris.
别名	NPM Assessment, Managerialism Assessment, Public Management Reform Analysis, Hood NPM Doctrine Analysis	Digital Government Index Method, Digital Maturity Assessment, GovTech Assessment, Digital Public Service Benchmarking
相关	4	4
摘要	New Public Management (NPM) assessment evaluates how far a public organisation or system has adopted the cluster of managerial reform doctrines that swept the public sector from the 1980s — and with what effects. Christopher Hood's 1991 article A Public Management for All Seasons? gave NPM its name and identified its core doctrines: hands-on professional management, explicit performance standards, output controls, disaggregation into units, competition, private-sector management styles, and discipline in resource use. The assessment scores adoption of these doctrines, evaluates their effects, and appraises the trade-offs against enduring public-service values such as equity and accountability.	Digital government assessment measures how far a public administration has moved beyond merely digitising existing processes toward becoming digital by design — using data, platforms and user-centred service design as core operating principles. The OECD Digital Government Index, built on its six-dimension Digital Government Policy Framework, is the leading instrument, scoring countries on dimensions such as being digital by design, data-driven, government as a platform, open by default, user-driven and proactive. Evidence is collected through a structured survey, verified, scored and aggregated into a weighted composite. It complements the supply-focused UN E-Government Development Index.