方法对比

	多阶段混合方法设计	多层次混合方法设计
领域	研究设计	研究设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2007 (first edition of Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research)	Late 1990s–2000s
提出者	John W. Creswell & Vicki L. Plano Clark	Bonnie Nastasi, John Hitchcock, and collaborators; systematized by Creswell & Plano Clark
类型	Mixed methods research design	Mixed methods research design
开创性文献	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1483substitute	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1483357829
别名	multiphase design, multiproject mixed methods, programmatic mixed methods, multistage mixed methods	multilevel MMR, nested mixed methods, hierarchical mixed methods design, cross-level mixed methods
相关	6	5
摘要	The multiphase mixed methods design is a sustained research program in which quantitative and qualitative strands are combined across three or more sequential phases — or across multiple related projects — to address a central program objective. Each phase builds on the prior phase's findings, making the design well-suited to long-term evaluation, intervention development, and large-scale program assessment where a single data-collection cycle cannot fully address the complexity of the research problem.	Multilevel mixed methods design is a research approach that collects and integrates both quantitative and qualitative data at two or more distinct levels of a social or organizational hierarchy — for example, individuals nested within classrooms, classrooms within schools, or patients within healthcare teams. By pairing quantitative measurement of outcomes at one level with qualitative exploration of meaning at another, researchers gain a richer, more complete picture than either strand alone could provide.