方法对比

	多层次混合方法设计	并行三角混合方法设计
领域	研究设计	研究设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	Late 1990s–2000s	2007 (formally named in Creswell & Plano Clark, 1st ed.)
提出者	Bonnie Nastasi, John Hitchcock, and collaborators; systematized by Creswell & Plano Clark	John W. Creswell & Vicki L. Plano Clark
类型	Mixed methods research design	Mixed methods research design
开创性文献	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1483357829	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2011). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (2nd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1412975179
别名	multilevel MMR, nested mixed methods, hierarchical mixed methods design, cross-level mixed methods	convergent parallel design, triangulation design, QUAN+QUAL concurrent design, simultaneous triangulation
相关	5	5
摘要	Multilevel mixed methods design is a research approach that collects and integrates both quantitative and qualitative data at two or more distinct levels of a social or organizational hierarchy — for example, individuals nested within classrooms, classrooms within schools, or patients within healthcare teams. By pairing quantitative measurement of outcomes at one level with qualitative exploration of meaning at another, researchers gain a richer, more complete picture than either strand alone could provide.	The concurrent triangulation mixed methods design collects quantitative and qualitative data simultaneously, analyzes each strand independently, and then merges the results to assess whether the two data sources corroborate one another. Often called the convergent parallel design, it is one of the foundational configurations in mixed methods research and is chosen specifically when the researcher wants to cross-validate or triangulate findings from two distinct methodological traditions.