方法对比

	多层近似贝叶斯计算	含缺失数据的贝叶斯分层模型
领域	贝叶斯	贝叶斯
方法族	Bayesian methods	Bayesian methods
起源年份	2000s–2010s	1990s–2000s
提出者	Extension of ABC (Beaumont et al., 2002) to multilevel/hierarchical settings; developed across multiple authors in the 2010s	Gelman, Rubin, Little (and collaborators)
类型	Simulation-based Bayesian inference	Bayesian hierarchical model with missing-data integration
开创性文献	Beaumont, M. A., Zhang, W., & Balding, D. J. (2002). Approximate Bayesian computation in population genetics. Genetics, 162(4), 2025–2035.	Gelman, A., Carlin, J. B., Stern, H. S., Dunson, D. B., Vehtari, A. & Rubin, D. B. (2013). Bayesian Data Analysis (3rd ed.). CRC Press. ISBN: 978-1439840955
别名	multilevel ABC, hierarchical ABC, multi-level ABC, ABC for hierarchical models	BHM missing data, multilevel Bayesian missing data model, hierarchical Bayesian imputation, Bayesian multilevel model with incomplete data
相关	6	5
摘要	Multilevel Approximate Bayesian Computation (multilevel ABC) extends simulation-based Bayesian inference to hierarchically structured data. When the likelihood is intractable and observations are nested within groups, it replaces direct likelihood evaluation with simulations at each level of the hierarchy, accepting parameter draws whose simulated summary statistics are close to the observed ones.	A Bayesian hierarchical model with missing data treats unobserved values as additional unknowns and samples them jointly with all model parameters from the posterior. The nested structure of the hierarchy borrows strength across groups, while the Bayesian framework naturally propagates uncertainty from missingness through every estimate and prediction.