方法对比

	Multidimensional Poverty Index	Foster-Greer-Thorbecke Index
领域	经济学	经济学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2011	1984
提出者	Sabina Alkire & James Foster	James Foster, Joel Greer & Erik Thorbecke
类型	Counting-based multidimensional poverty measure	Parametric class of poverty measures
开创性文献	Alkire, S., & Foster, J. (2011). Counting and multidimensional poverty measurement. Journal of Public Economics, 95(7–8), 476–487.	Foster, J., Greer, J., & Thorbecke, E. (1984). A class of decomposable poverty measures. Econometrica, 52(3), 761–766.
别名	MPI, Alkire-Foster Method, Adjusted Headcount Ratio, Dual-Cutoff Multidimensional Poverty	FGT Index, FGT Poverty Measures, P-alpha Poverty Index, Foster-Greer-Thorbecke Poverty Measure
相关	3	4
摘要	The Multidimensional Poverty Index applies the Alkire-Foster method, introduced by Sabina Alkire and James Foster in 2011, to measure poverty as the joint deprivation of individuals across several dimensions such as health, education, and living standards. Its signature is a dual-cutoff identification: a person is deprived in an indicator if they fall below that indicator's cutoff, and they are counted as multidimensionally poor only if their weighted count of deprivations crosses a cross-dimensional cutoff k. The headline measure is the adjusted headcount ratio M0 = H times A, the product of the share of people who are poor (incidence) and the average breadth of their deprivations (intensity).	The Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) index is a parametric class of poverty measures introduced by James Foster, Joel Greer, and Erik Thorbecke in 1984 that became the workhorse of applied poverty analysis. A single parameter alpha tunes how much weight the measure places on the depth and distribution of poverty: alpha = 0 gives the headcount ratio (the share of people below the poverty line), alpha = 1 gives the poverty gap (the average normalized shortfall), and alpha = 2 gives poverty severity (which weights larger shortfalls more heavily). Its defining virtue is additive decomposability — total poverty is the population-weighted sum of subgroup poverty — which makes it ideal for profiling poverty across regions, sectors, and demographic groups.