方法对比

	Multidimensional Poverty Index	Concentration Curve and Index
领域	经济学	经济学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2011	1991
提出者	Sabina Alkire & James Foster	Adam Wagstaff, Pierella Paci & Eddy van Doorslaer
类型	Counting-based multidimensional poverty measure	Bivariate inequality measure
开创性文献	Alkire, S., & Foster, J. (2011). Counting and multidimensional poverty measurement. Journal of Public Economics, 95(7–8), 476–487.	Wagstaff, A., Paci, P., & van Doorslaer, E. (1991). On the measurement of inequalities in health. Social Science & Medicine, 33(5), 545–557.
别名	MPI, Alkire-Foster Method, Adjusted Headcount Ratio, Dual-Cutoff Multidimensional Poverty	Health Concentration Index, Concentration Curve, Socioeconomic Inequality in Health Index, Wagstaff Index
相关	3	3
摘要	The Multidimensional Poverty Index applies the Alkire-Foster method, introduced by Sabina Alkire and James Foster in 2011, to measure poverty as the joint deprivation of individuals across several dimensions such as health, education, and living standards. Its signature is a dual-cutoff identification: a person is deprived in an indicator if they fall below that indicator's cutoff, and they are counted as multidimensionally poor only if their weighted count of deprivations crosses a cross-dimensional cutoff k. The headline measure is the adjusted headcount ratio M0 = H times A, the product of the share of people who are poor (incidence) and the average breadth of their deprivations (intensity).	The concentration curve and concentration index, established as the standard tools for measuring socioeconomic inequality in health by Wagstaff, Paci, and van Doorslaer in 1991, capture how a health variable is distributed across the population ranked by socioeconomic status. The concentration curve plots the cumulative share of health (or ill-health) against the cumulative share of people ordered from poorest to richest; the concentration index is twice the area between this curve and the line of equality. Unlike the Gini coefficient, which measures pure dispersion, the concentration index is bivariate — it measures inequality in one variable that is systematically related to a second, socioeconomic ranking.