方法对比

	Multidimensional Deprivation Analysis	Capability Approach Measurement
领域	Development Studies	Development Studies
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2003	1999
提出者	Anthony B. Atkinson; Sabina Alkire & James Foster	Amartya Sen; Martha Nussbaum
类型	Family of multidimensional deprivation measurement approaches	Normative framework for evaluating well-being and development
开创性文献	Atkinson, A. B. (2003). Multidimensional Deprivation: Contrasting Social Welfare and Counting Approaches. Journal of Economic Inequality, 1(1), 51-65.	Sen, A. (1999). Development as Freedom. Oxford University Press, Oxford. ISBN: 9780385720274
别名	Counting Approach to Deprivation, Deprivation Dashboard Analysis, Multidimensional Deprivation Measurement, Overlapping Deprivation Analysis	Capability Approach, Sen's Capability Approach, Functionings and Capabilities Measurement, Human Capability Framework
相关	4	4
摘要	Multidimensional deprivation analysis is the broad family of methods for measuring and describing disadvantage across several dimensions at once — health, education, living standards, work, and more — rather than through income alone. It spans the counting approach championed by Anthony Atkinson and formalized by Sabina Alkire and James Foster, the dashboard tradition of reporting deprivation indicators side by side, fuzzy-set treatments that soften sharp thresholds, and overlap analysis that asks whether the same people are deprived in many dimensions. The unifying questions are how to decide who is deprived in each dimension, how to identify the multiply deprived, and whether to summarize deprivation in one index or display it as a panel of indicators.	The capability approach, developed by Amartya Sen and given a concrete list-based form by Martha Nussbaum, evaluates individual well-being and social arrangements in the space of capabilities — the real freedoms people have to achieve the kinds of lives they have reason to value — rather than in the space of income, resources, or subjective utility. Measurement under the approach means identifying valued functionings, the resources and conversion factors that turn resources into functionings, and the freedom people enjoy to choose among them.