方法对比
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| 多中心随机临床试验× | 随机对照试验 (RCT)× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 流行病学 | 流行病学 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | 1970s–1980s (widespread adoption for large-scale efficacy trials) | 1948 (first rigorously conducted RCT — MRC streptomycin trial) |
| 提出者≠ | Evolved from single-center RCT methodology; consolidated through landmark trials such as the MRC streptomycin trial (1948) and large cardiovascular mega-trials of the 1970s–1980s | Austin Bradford Hill; MRC Streptomycin Trial team |
| 类型≠ | Interventional experimental design | Interventional experimental study |
| 开创性文献 | Friedman, L. M., Furberg, C. D., DeMets, D. L., Reboussin, D. M., & Granger, C. B. (2015). Fundamentals of Clinical Trials (5th ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-3319185385 | Friedman, L. M., Furberg, C. D., DeMets, D. L., Reboussin, D. M., & Granger, C. B. (2015). Fundamentals of Clinical Trials (5th ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-3319185385 |
| 别名 | multi-site RCT, multicenter RCT, multinational randomized trial, multicenter controlled trial | RCT, randomized controlled trial, randomised controlled trial, clinical randomized trial |
| 相关 | 6 | 6 |
| 摘要≠ | A multicenter randomized clinical trial (RCT) is an experimental study in which eligible participants are randomly assigned to intervention or control arms simultaneously across two or more clinical sites. By combining the rigor of randomization with enrollment from geographically or institutionally diverse centers, this design produces large samples and externally valid effect estimates that single-center trials rarely achieve. It is the regulatory gold standard for confirmatory efficacy and safety evaluation of new treatments. | A randomized clinical trial (RCT) is an experimental study design in which participants are randomly assigned to an intervention group or a control group, then followed prospectively to compare outcomes. Random allocation is the defining feature: it distributes known and unknown confounders across groups by chance, making the RCT the strongest individual study design for establishing causal efficacy of a treatment or intervention under controlled conditions. |
| ScholarGate数据集 ↗ |
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