方法对比

	多中心病例交叉设计	多中心队列研究
领域	流行病学	流行病学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1991 (core design); multicenter extensions 1990s–2000s	Mid-to-late 20th century (widespread adoption 1970s–1990s)
提出者	Malcolm Maclure (single-center design, 1991); multicenter applications developed through 1990s–2000s environmental and pharmacoepidemiology literature	Developed incrementally through large collaborative epidemiological projects (e.g., Framingham Heart Study consortium expansions, 1948 onward; EPIC study, 1992)
类型	Observational epidemiological design	Observational longitudinal study
开创性文献	Maclure, M. (1991). The case-crossover design: A method for studying transient effects on the risk of acute events. American Journal of Epidemiology, 133(2), 144–153.	Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641
别名	multi-site case-crossover study, multicenter self-matched crossover, multi-center transient exposure study, MCCO study	multisite cohort study, multi-centre cohort, collaborative cohort study, pooled cohort study
相关	4	6
摘要	The multicenter case-crossover design is an observational epidemiological method that investigates whether brief, transient exposures trigger acute health events by comparing each case's exposure just before the event to their own exposure during matched control periods — with data collected from two or more independent clinical or geographic sites to increase power, external validity, and the ability to detect site-level effect modification.	A multicenter cohort study follows defined groups of participants at two or more geographically or institutionally distinct sites over time to estimate incidence, identify risk factors, and quantify associations between exposures and outcomes. By pooling data from multiple centers, it achieves statistical power and population diversity that single-site designs cannot match, making it the workhorse of large-scale epidemiological and clinical research.