方法对比

	多源深度访谈	多源焦点小组
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1980s–1990s (formalized in qualitative inquiry literature)	1980s–1990s
提出者	Grounded in qualitative traditions consolidated by Patton, Lincoln & Guba, and others	Developed from focus group methodology; formalized in applied social research (Krueger, Morgan, and colleagues)
类型	Qualitative data collection technique	Qualitative data collection technique
开创性文献	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761919711	Krueger, R. A., & Casey, M. A. (2015). Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research (5th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1483365244
别名	multi-informant in-depth interview, multi-perspective qualitative interview, multiple-source IDI, multi-stakeholder in-depth interview	multi-stakeholder focus group, multiple-source focus group, cross-source focus group, MSFG
相关	5	4
摘要	The multi-source in-depth interview is a qualitative data collection strategy in which extended, open-ended interviews are conducted with participants drawn from two or more distinct source groups — such as providers and clients, managers and staff, or experts and laypeople. Collecting data across diverse informant positions enriches description and enables the researcher to examine a phenomenon from multiple vantage points within a single study.	The multi-source focus group method extends the standard focus group design by deliberately recruiting participants from two or more distinct stakeholder groups — for example, clinicians and patients, teachers and students, or managers and frontline staff. Separate sessions are held for each source group using a shared discussion protocol, and the resulting data are analyzed both within each group and across groups to reveal convergences, tensions, and perspectives that no single-source design could uncover.