方法对比

	多源现场笔记	多源文献收集
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1970s–1990s (multi-observer extensions formalised in mixed-methods era)	1970s–2000s (systematic articulation)
提出者	Ethnographic research tradition; systematised by Emerson, Fretz & Shaw	Rooted in qualitative documentary traditions; codified in mixed-methods and triangulation literature (Denzin 1970s; Bowen 2009)
类型	Qualitative data collection technique	Data collection strategy
开创性文献	Emerson, R. M., Fretz, R. I., & Shaw, L. L. (2011). Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes (2nd ed.). University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 978-0226206837	Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27–40.
别名	multi-observer field notes, triangulated field notes, collaborative field notes, multi-site field notes	multi-source documentary research, multiple-document data collection, multi-site document analysis, cross-source document gathering
相关	6	3
摘要	Multi-source field notes is a data collection approach in which two or more observers, sites, or vantage points contribute written records of naturally occurring events, interactions, and settings. By pooling notes from multiple sources, researchers cross-check individual impressions and capture aspects of a scene that any single observer would miss, strengthening descriptive richness and analytical trustworthiness.	Multi-source document collection is a data-gathering strategy in which researchers systematically locate, retrieve, and compare documents drawn from two or more independent sources — such as government archives, institutional records, media outlets, organisational reports, or digital repositories. By assembling evidence from diverse provenance, researchers can triangulate findings, detect discrepancies, and build a richer, more credible picture of the phenomenon under study than any single documentary source can provide.