方法对比

	多响应根本原因分析	故障树分析 (FTA)
领域	实验设计	可靠性
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1990s–2000s (multi-response extension of classical RCA)	1981
提出者	Root Cause Analysis tradition (Kepner-Tregoe, Ishikawa, Deming); multi-response extension in Six Sigma and quality engineering practice	Vesely et al. (US NRC Fault Tree Handbook)
类型	Systematic problem-solving method	Deductive top-down failure analysis
开创性文献	Andersen, B., & Fagerhaug, T. (2006). Root Cause Analysis: Simplified Tools and Techniques (2nd ed.). ASQ Quality Press. ISBN: 978-0873896924	Vesely, W. E., Goldberg, F. F., Roberts, N. H., & Haasl, D. F. (1981). Fault Tree Handbook (NUREG-0492). U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
别名	Multi-KPI RCA, Multi-output RCA, Multi-response RCA, MRCA	FTA, Fault Tree Method, Top-Down Reliability Analysis, Hata Ağacı Analizi
相关	6	3
摘要	Multi-response Root Cause Analysis (MRCA) is a structured problem-solving method that identifies the underlying causes of failures or deviations across multiple simultaneous response variables (KPIs, quality characteristics, or process outputs). It extends classical RCA to settings where a single root cause can propagate into several observed defects or performance degradations at once, which is common in manufacturing, engineering, and service-quality contexts.	Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) is a top-down, deductive reliability method that begins with an undesired top-level failure event and systematically traces backward through chains of contributing causes using Boolean logic gates (AND, OR). First formalized by Watson at Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1961 and later standardized by Vesely, Goldberg, Roberts, and Haasl in the landmark 1981 NRC Fault Tree Handbook, FTA has become a cornerstone of quantitative risk assessment in nuclear, aerospace, and industrial safety engineering.