方法对比

	多响应根本原因分析	失效模式与影响分析 (FMEA)
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1990s–2000s (multi-response extension of classical RCA)	1949 (military); widespread industrial adoption 1970s–1980s
提出者	Root Cause Analysis tradition (Kepner-Tregoe, Ishikawa, Deming); multi-response extension in Six Sigma and quality engineering practice	U.S. Military / NASA (formalized by MIL-P-1629, 1949)
类型	Systematic problem-solving method	Proactive risk analysis technique
开创性文献	Andersen, B., & Fagerhaug, T. (2006). Root Cause Analysis: Simplified Tools and Techniques (2nd ed.). ASQ Quality Press. ISBN: 978-0873896924	Stamatis, D. H. (2003). Failure Mode and Effect Analysis: FMEA from Theory to Execution (2nd ed.). ASQ Quality Press. ISBN: 978-0873895989
别名	Multi-KPI RCA, Multi-output RCA, Multi-response RCA, MRCA	FMEA, Failure Modes and Effects Analysis, FMECA, Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis
相关	6	6
摘要	Multi-response Root Cause Analysis (MRCA) is a structured problem-solving method that identifies the underlying causes of failures or deviations across multiple simultaneous response variables (KPIs, quality characteristics, or process outputs). It extends classical RCA to settings where a single root cause can propagate into several observed defects or performance degradations at once, which is common in manufacturing, engineering, and service-quality contexts.	Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a structured, proactive risk management technique used to identify potential failure modes in a system, process, or product design, evaluate their consequences, and prioritize corrective actions before failures occur. Originally developed for the U.S. military in 1949 and later adopted by NASA, automotive, and manufacturing industries, FMEA is now a cornerstone quality-engineering tool embedded in standards such as AIAG-VDA and ISO 9001-aligned processes.