方法对比

	多期反事实概率加权法	倾向得分加权法 (PSW / IPW)
领域	因果推断	因果推断
方法族	Regression model	Regression model
起源年份	2000	1983 (propensity score); 2003 (efficient IPW estimator)
提出者	Robins, Hernan & Brumback	Rosenbaum & Rubin (propensity score); Hirano, Imbens & Ridder (efficient weighting)
类型	Weighted causal estimator	Causal inference / reweighting
开创性文献	Robins, J. M., Hernan, M. A., & Brumback, B. (2000). Marginal structural models and causal inference in epidemiology. Epidemiology, 11(5), 550-560.	Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41-55.
别名	longitudinal IPW, multi-period IPW, time-varying IPW, sequential IPW	PSW, inverse probability weighting, IPW, propensity-based weighting
相关	6	6
摘要	Multi-period Inverse Probability Weighting (IPW) estimates the causal effect of a treatment that varies across multiple time periods by reweighting observations according to the probability of receiving each period's treatment given past treatment history and time-varying confounders. It creates a pseudo-population where treatment at each period is independent of measured confounders, enabling unbiased estimation of sustained treatment strategies.	Propensity score weighting is a causal-inference method that reweights observations so that the covariate distributions of treated and untreated units look exchangeable, enabling unbiased estimation of average treatment effects from observational data. Each unit receives a weight that is the inverse of its probability of receiving the treatment it actually received — a strategy formalised by Rosenbaum and Rubin (1983) and given its efficient semiparametric form by Hirano, Imbens and Ridder (2003).