方法对比

	多层分层抽样	比例分层抽样
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1950s–1970s	1953–1965 (formalized in survey sampling literature)
提出者	Formalized by Leslie Kish and William G. Cochran in the mid-20th century survey sampling literature	William G. Cochran; Leslie Kish
类型	Probability sampling design	Probability sampling design
开创性文献	Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471162407	Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471162407
别名	hierarchical stratified sampling, nested stratified sampling, multilevel stratified design, stratified multilevel sampling	proportionate stratified sampling, proportional allocation stratified sampling, PSRS, proportionate stratified random sampling
相关	6	6
摘要	Multi-level stratified sampling applies stratification at two or more hierarchical levels of a nested population structure — for example, first stratifying geographic regions, then stratifying schools within each region, then stratifying classrooms within each school. This layered control over the composition of the sample at every level reduces variance and supports analysis at each level of the hierarchy, making it a powerful design for large-scale educational, epidemiological, and organizational surveys.	Proportional stratified sampling divides the target population into non-overlapping strata (subgroups defined by a key characteristic such as age band, region, or gender) and then draws a simple random sample from each stratum so that each stratum's share of the total sample matches its share of the total population. Because each subgroup is represented in exact proportion to its population weight, the resulting sample mirrors the population structure closely without requiring post-hoc weighting adjustments.