方法对比

	多层目的性抽样	簇抽样
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1980s–1990s	Early-to-mid 20th century; canonical treatment 1953/1977
提出者	Derived from Patton's purposive sampling framework; formalized in multi-site qualitative and mixed-methods research	Formalized by William G. Cochran; roots in early 20th-century U.S. Census Bureau survey practice
类型	Non-probability sampling strategy	Probability sampling design
开创性文献	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-0761919711	Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0471162407
别名	hierarchical purposive sampling, nested purposive sampling, multi-tier purposive sampling, multi-site purposive sampling	cluster random sampling, area sampling, one-stage cluster sampling
相关	5	5
摘要	Multi-level purposive sampling applies purposive selection criteria at two or more nested levels of a research hierarchy — for instance, first selecting sites or organizations, then selecting participants within each site. This layered approach allows researchers to align the theoretical logic of purposive sampling with the real-world structure of complex, hierarchical populations, making it especially valuable in multi-site qualitative studies and mixed-methods research.	Cluster sampling is a probability sampling technique in which the population is divided into naturally occurring groups (clusters), a random sample of clusters is selected, and all — or a random subset of — members within each selected cluster are studied. It is especially practical when a complete population list is unavailable or when units are geographically dispersed, making individual random selection prohibitively expensive. One-stage cluster sampling surveys every member of selected clusters; two-stage designs add a second random draw within clusters.