方法对比

	多层最大差异抽样	最大变异抽样
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1990s–2000s	1985 (Lincoln & Guba); elaborated 1990–2002 (Patton)
提出者	Synthesized from Patton's maximum variation sampling (1990) and multi-level survey design traditions	Lincoln & Guba; systematised by Michael Quinn Patton
类型	Purposive qualitative/mixed-methods sampling design	Purposive qualitative sampling strategy
开创性文献	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage. [Chapter 5: Maximum variation sampling and purposeful sampling strategies] ISBN: 978-0761919711	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage. Chapter 5: Purposeful Sampling. ISBN: 978-0761919711
别名	hierarchical maximum variation sampling, nested maximum diversity sampling, multi-tier purposive variation sampling, MLMVS	maximum variation sampling, maximum diversity sampling, MVS, heterogeneous sampling
相关	5	5
摘要	Multi-level maximum variation sampling is a purposive strategy that deliberately selects cases at two or more nested organizational levels — such as schools within districts, or patients within clinics — while maximizing heterogeneity on key dimensions at each level. The aim is to capture the full range of variation within a hierarchically structured population so that patterns common across diverse contexts can be identified and context-specific differences can be documented with credibility.	Maximum variation sampling is a purposive qualitative sampling strategy in which the researcher deliberately selects cases that span the widest possible range of variation on dimensions central to the study. The goal is not statistical representation but the identification of common patterns that cut across diverse cases as well as the documentation of the unique ways each context shapes the phenomenon under investigation.