方法对比

	多层便利抽样	多层分层抽样
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1980s–1990s (concurrent with multilevel modeling development)	1950s–1970s
提出者	Emerged from multilevel/hierarchical research traditions	Formalized by Leslie Kish and William G. Cochran in the mid-20th century survey sampling literature
类型	Non-probability sampling design	Probability sampling design
开创性文献	Hox, J. J. (2010). Multilevel Analysis: Techniques and Applications (2nd ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1848728462	Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471162407
别名	hierarchical convenience sampling, nested convenience sampling, multilevel accessibility sampling, multi-tier convenience sampling	hierarchical stratified sampling, nested stratified sampling, multilevel stratified design, stratified multilevel sampling
相关	5	6
摘要	Multi-level convenience sampling is a non-probability approach in which units are selected by convenience at each of two or more nested levels of a hierarchy — for example, recruiting whatever schools agree to participate and then enrolling all available students within those schools. It is widely used in organizational, educational, and health research where the researcher has limited control over access but must respect the nested structure of the population.	Multi-level stratified sampling applies stratification at two or more hierarchical levels of a nested population structure — for example, first stratifying geographic regions, then stratifying schools within each region, then stratifying classrooms within each school. This layered control over the composition of the sample at every level reduces variance and supports analysis at each level of the hierarchy, making it a powerful design for large-scale educational, epidemiological, and organizational surveys.