方法对比

	Multi-Criteria Site Selection	Suitability Analysis
领域	Urban Studies	Urban Studies
方法族	MCDM	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2006	1969
提出者	Jacek Malczewski (GIS-MCDA synthesis); Thomas Saaty (AHP weighting)	Ian L. McHarg
类型	Spatial multi-criteria decision analysis for siting facilities or land uses	Spatial multi-criteria mapping of land suitability for a given use
开创性文献	Malczewski, J. (2006). GIS-based multicriteria decision analysis: a survey of the literature. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 20(7), 703–726.	McHarg, I. L. (1969). Design with Nature. Natural History Press. ISBN: 9780471114604
别名	GIS-MCDA, Weighted Overlay Suitability, AHP Site Suitability, Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation	Land Suitability Mapping, Overlay Suitability Analysis, Weighted Overlay Analysis, Suitability Modelling
相关	4	4
摘要	Multi-criteria site selection combines multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) with geographic information systems to choose where to locate a facility or land use when many, often conflicting, spatial criteria matter at once. Synthesized as GIS-based MCDA by Jacek Malczewski, it standardizes each criterion layer to a common scale, assigns the criteria importance weights — frequently via Saaty's Analytic Hierarchy Process — and combines them through weighted overlay to produce a suitability surface that ranks every candidate location. The method makes an inherently messy, value-laden siting decision explicit, reproducible, and auditable.	Suitability analysis maps how well each parcel of land supports a proposed use — housing, conservation, a highway, a landfill — by combining the relevant physical, ecological and accessibility factors into a single composite score. In the tradition established by Ian McHarg's 1969 Design with Nature, each factor is captured as a map layer, reclassified onto a common suitability scale, and overlaid so that places good on many factors stand out from places that are not. The result is a suitability surface that makes the trade-offs in a land-use decision explicit, transparent and defensible.