方法对比
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| 多臂实验× | 析因实验× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 实验设计 | 实验设计 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | 1990s–2000s (clinical formalization); multi-arm concept implicit in ANOVA-era factorial designs | 1926–1935 |
| 提出者≠ | Developed within clinical trials methodology; formalized by Parmar, Royston and colleagues (UK MRC CTU, early 2000s) | Ronald A. Fisher |
| 类型≠ | Experimental design | Quantitative experimental design |
| 开创性文献≠ | Royston, P., Parmar, M. K. B., & Qian, W. (2003). Novel designs for multi-arm clinical trials with survival outcomes with an application in ovarian cancer. Statistics in Medicine, 22(14), 2239–2256. DOI ↗ | Fisher, R. A. (1935). The Design of Experiments. Oliver and Boyd. link ↗ |
| 别名 | multi-arm trial, multiple-arm experiment, multi-group experiment, many-arm design | factorial design, factorial ANOVA design, multi-factor experiment, crossed-factor design |
| 相关≠ | 5 | 6 |
| 摘要≠ | A multi-arm experiment simultaneously compares three or more treatment or intervention conditions — each called an arm — against a shared control or against one another. By testing multiple alternatives in a single study, it yields more information per participant than running separate two-group experiments sequentially, while controlling the overall Type I error rate through pre-specified comparison strategies. | A factorial experiment is an experimental design in which two or more independent variables (factors) are manipulated simultaneously, and every combination of their levels is tested. Introduced by Ronald Fisher in the 1920s–1930s, it is the standard approach whenever a researcher needs to detect not only the main effect of each factor but also whether the effect of one factor depends on the level of another — the interaction effect. |
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