方法对比
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| 蒙特卡洛中子与粒子输运× | 辐射屏蔽设计× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 核物理学 | 核物理学 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | 1949 | 1898 |
| 提出者≠ | Nicholas Metropolis, Stanislaw Ulam | Ernest Rutherford, Pierre Curie |
| 类型≠ | probabilistic computational method | engineering design methodology |
| 开创性文献≠ | Metropolis, N., & Ulam, S. (1949). The Monte Carlo Method. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 44(247), 335–341. DOI ↗ | Cember, H., & Johnson, T. E. (2009). Introduction to Health Physics (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill. link ↗ |
| 别名 | Monte Carlo simulation, stochastic transport, particle history method | shield analysis, attenuation design, dose reduction engineering |
| 相关 | 5 | 5 |
| 摘要≠ | Monte Carlo neutron and particle transport is a stochastic simulation method that tracks individual particle histories through matter, developed by Metropolis and Ulam in 1949 during the Manhattan Project. By sampling random numbers to determine collision locations, energy transfers, and scattering angles, it produces unbiased estimates of reaction rates, flux distributions, and detector responses without discretizing angle or energy variables. | Radiation shielding design is an engineering discipline that uses physics-based calculations and materials selection to reduce radiation exposure to acceptable levels, originating from Curie and Rutherford's early radiation studies in the 1890s. By combining attenuation theory, source characterization, and dose modeling, it determines material composition, thickness, and geometry to protect workers, the public, and sensitive equipment. |
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