方法对比

	Modern Sexism Scale	Attitudes Toward Women Scale
领域	Gender Studies	Gender Studies
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1995	1972
提出者	Janet K. Swim, Kathryn J. Aikin, Wayne S. Hall, and Barbara A. Hunter	Janet T. Spence and Robert Helmreich
类型	Self-report attitude scale	Self-report attitude scale
开创性文献	Swim, J. K., Aikin, K. J., Hall, W. S., & Hunter, B. A. (1995). Sexism and racism: Old-fashioned and modern prejudices. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(2), 199–214.	Spence, J. T., & Helmreich, R. (1972). The Attitudes Toward Women Scale: An objective instrument to measure attitudes toward the rights and roles of women in contemporary society. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 2, 66–67.
别名	MSS, Swim Modern Sexism Scale, Neosexism	AWS, Spence-Helmreich AWS
相关	4	4
摘要	The Modern Sexism Scale, developed by Janet Swim and colleagues in 1995, distinguishes between old-fashioned (blatant) sexism and modern (subtle) sexism, paralleling work on old-fashioned versus modern racism. The accompanying Old-Fashioned Sexism Scale captures openly endorsed beliefs in women's inferiority and prescribed traditional roles, while the Modern Sexism Scale captures covert sexism expressed through denial of continuing discrimination, antagonism toward women's demands, and resentment of policies perceived as special favours.	The Attitudes Toward Women Scale (AWS), developed by Janet Spence and Robert Helmreich in 1972, is a self-report Likert instrument that measures beliefs about the appropriate rights and roles of women in contemporary society. Respondents indicate their agreement with statements about vocational, educational, intellectual, marital, and social conduct expectations for women, yielding a single score that ranges from traditional and conservative to egalitarian and liberal.