方法对比

	隐喻分析	内容分析	扎根理论	叙事分析
领域	质性	质性	质性研究	质性
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	Theoretical foundation 1980; systematic research applications from 1990s onward	Systematised through Krippendorff's methodology work; 4th edition 2018	1967	1967 (foundational); 2008 (canonical handbook)
提出者	George Lakoff & Mark Johnson (Conceptual Metaphor Theory); Jonathan Charteris-Black (Critical Metaphor Analysis)	Klaus Krippendorff (systematic formulation); roots in early 20th-century communications research	Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss	Catherine Kohler Riessman (seminal synthesis, 2008); roots in Labov & Waletzky (1967)
类型	Qualitative research method	Qualitative / mixed-method research technique	Method	Qualitative interpretive method
开创性文献	Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors We Live By. University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 978-0226468013	Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology (4th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506395661	Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Aldine.	Riessman, C.K. (2008). Narrative Methods for the Human Sciences. Sage.
别名	Conceptual Metaphor Analysis, Metaphor Elicitation, Critical Metaphor Analysis, Linguistic Metaphor Analysis	İçerik Analizi, systematic content coding, quantitative content analysis	GT, Grounded Theory Approach	narrative inquiry, life history analysis, biographical research, Anlatı Analizi (Narrative Analysis)
相关	6	5	3	6
摘要	Metaphor Analysis is a qualitative method that identifies, classifies, and interprets the metaphors embedded in language to reveal how speakers and writers conceptualise experience, construct meaning, and exercise ideological influence. Grounded in Lakoff and Johnson's Conceptual Metaphor Theory, it treats metaphor not as a literary decoration but as a fundamental cognitive structure — ARGUMENT IS WAR, TIME IS MONEY — that shapes how people think, reason, and act. It is widely applied in psychology, education, political discourse, health communication, and organisational research.	Content analysis is a systematic research technique for reducing text, visual, or media material into coded categories so that patterns can be counted, compared, and interpreted. Formalised by Klaus Krippendorff in his widely cited methodology textbook (latest edition 2018), the method sits at the boundary of qualitative and quantitative inquiry: it imposes structured, replicable coding on inherently meaning-laden material.	Grounded Theory (GT) is a systematic qualitative research methodology in which theory emerges directly from data through iterative analysis, rather than being imposed before data collection. Developed by Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss in 1967, GT prioritizes generating explanatory frameworks grounded in evidence.	Narrative analysis is a qualitative research method, synthesised canonically by Catherine Kohler Riessman (2008), that examines how individuals storise their lived experiences and construct meaning through the telling. Drawing on life history, biographical, and narrative inquiry traditions, it treats the story itself — not just its content — as the unit of analysis, attending to temporal sequence, plot structure, and the social context in which a narrative is produced.