方法对比

	荟萃分析随机对照试验	随机对照试验 (RCT)
领域	流行病学	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Hypothesis test
起源年份	1976 (Glass coinage of meta-analysis); 1993 (Cochrane Collaboration formalization)	1948
提出者	Gene V. Glass (meta-analysis method); Cochrane Collaboration (systematic RCT pooling standards)	James Lind (early precursor, 1747); modern formulation: Austin Bradford Hill & Medical Research Council (1948)
类型	Quantitative evidence-synthesis design	Interventional comparative study
开创性文献	Higgins, J. P. T., Thomas, J., Chandler, J., Cumpston, M., Li, T., Page, M. J., & Welch, V. A. (Eds.). (2019). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN: 978-1119536628	Schulz, K.F., Altman, D.G., Moher, D., for the CONSORT Group (2010). CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated Guidelines for Reporting Parallel Group Randomised Trials. BMJ, 340, c332.
别名	meta-analytic RCT, MA-RCT, meta-analysis of RCTs, pooled randomized trial analysis	RCT, randomised controlled trial, clinical trial, Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma (RCT) Tasarımı
相关	3	7
摘要	A meta-analytic randomized clinical trial is a formal evidence-synthesis method that identifies, appraises, and statistically combines the results of multiple randomized clinical trials addressing the same clinical question. By pooling trial-level data, it produces a single, more precise estimate of treatment effect and quantifies between-trial heterogeneity, sitting at the apex of the evidence hierarchy for evaluating healthcare interventions.	A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is the gold standard experimental design in clinical and health research, in which participants are randomly allocated to a treatment group or a control group so that the effect of an intervention can be measured with the highest possible degree of internal validity. The modern parallel-group RCT was formalized by Austin Bradford Hill and the Medical Research Council in their landmark streptomycin trial of 1948, and its reporting is governed today by the CONSORT 2010 guidelines (Schulz et al., 2010).