方法对比

	物料需求计划	库存路径问题
领域	运营管理	运营管理
方法族	Machine learning	Machine learning
起源年份	1975	2014
提出者	Joseph Orlicky	Coelho, L. C., Cordeau, J. F., & Laporte, G.
类型	Material planning algorithm	Optimization problem
开创性文献	Orlicky, J. (1975). Material requirements planning: The new way of life in production and inventory management. New York: McGraw-Hill.	Coelho, L. C., Cordeau, J. F., & Laporte, G. (2014). Thirty years of inventory routing. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 55, 28-67.
别名	MRP, MRP I	IRP, vendor-managed logistics
相关	5	5
摘要	Material Requirements Planning (MRP) is a computerized system developed by Joseph Orlicky in the 1970s that calculates material requirements based on master production schedules and bill-of-materials data. MRP determines what materials to buy, how much to order, and when to order them to meet production demand while minimizing inventory carrying costs. It became a foundational technology for manufacturing planning and later evolved into manufacturing resource planning (MRP II) and enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems.	The Inventory Routing Problem (IRP) is an optimization problem that jointly determines inventory levels at customer locations, delivery routes, and shipment quantities to minimize total logistics and inventory holding costs. Rather than treating inventory management and vehicle routing as separate decisions, IRP recognizes that they are interdependent: larger shipments reduce routing costs but increase inventory holding costs, and vice versa. IRP is solved using mixed-integer programming, heuristics, and metaheuristics, and is a cornerstone of vendor-managed inventory (VMI) programs.