方法对比

	匹配的Cox比例风险模型	匹配队列研究
领域	流行病学	流行病学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1972 (Cox model); matched extension widely adopted 1970s–1980s	Mid-20th century; propensity-score variant 1983
提出者	D. R. Cox (Cox model, 1972); stratification extension for matched designs by subsequent methodologists including D. C. Thomas	Established practice; propensity-score matching formalized by Rosenbaum & Rubin (1983)
类型	Semi-parametric survival regression for matched data	Observational analytic study design
开创性文献	Cox, D. R. (1972). Regression models and life-tables. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological), 34(2), 187–202.	Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641
别名	stratified Cox regression, conditional Cox model, matched survival analysis, Cox model for matched pairs	matched follow-up study, paired cohort study, propensity-matched cohort, matched prospective study
相关	4	5
摘要	Matched Cox proportional hazards is a survival analysis method that extends the Cox regression model to appropriately handle data arising from matched study designs — matched cohorts or matched case-control studies with time-to-event outcomes. By stratifying the partial likelihood by matched set, the method eliminates confounding from matching factors without estimating their baseline hazard, yielding valid hazard ratio estimates that are free from matching-induced bias.	A matched cohort study is an observational design in which each exposed participant is paired with one or more unexposed counterparts who share key characteristics — such as age, sex, or comorbidity status — before both groups are followed forward in time to compare incident outcomes. Matching controls for measured confounders at the design stage, reducing bias that would otherwise require statistical adjustment alone.