方法对比

	匹配竞争风险分析	倾向得分匹配
领域	流行病学	研究统计学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1999 (Fine-Gray model); extended to matched designs ~2010s	1983
提出者	Fine & Gray (subdistribution hazard model); Austin, Lee & Fine (matched competing risks framework)	Paul Rosenbaum and Donald Rubin
类型	Observational survival analysis with matching and competing events	Method
开创性文献	Fine, J. P., & Gray, R. J. (1999). A proportional hazards model for the subdistribution of a competing risk. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 94(446), 496–509.	Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41–55.
别名	matched Fine-Gray analysis, propensity-matched competing risks, matched cause-specific hazard analysis, matched subdistribution hazard analysis	PSM, propensity score weighting, covariate balance
相关	4	3
摘要	Matched competing risks analysis combines subject-level matching (e.g., propensity-score matching) with competing risks survival methods to estimate the cause-specific or subdistribution hazard of an event of interest while accounting for competing events that preclude the occurrence of that event. It is widely used in clinical and epidemiological observational studies where patients may die from causes other than the primary outcome of interest, and where treatment groups differ on baseline confounders.	Propensity score matching (PSM) is a method for reducing confounding bias in observational studies by balancing baseline characteristics between treatment groups, simulating randomization. Developed by Rosenbaum and Rubin (1983), it estimates the probability of receiving treatment given observed covariates, then matches or weights treated and control individuals with similar treatment probabilities. Widely used in medicine, epidemiology, and policy evaluation when randomized trials are infeasible or unethical, enabling estimation of treatment effects while controlling for selection bias.