方法对比

	匹配病例报告	队列研究
领域	流行病学	流行病学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	Late 20th century (widely used from 1990s onward in pharmacovigilance and rare-disease literature)	Mid-20th century (formal epidemiological design codified ~1950s)
提出者	Evolved from standard clinical case reporting practice; no single originator	Doll & Hill (British Doctors Study, 1951); Snow (cholera, 1854)
类型	Observational descriptive design with comparator	Observational longitudinal study design
开创性文献	Gagnier, J. J., Kienle, G., Altman, D. G., Moher, D., Sox, H., & Riley, D. (2013). The CARE guidelines: consensus-based clinical case reporting guideline development. Journal of Medical Case Reports, 7, 223.	Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641
别名	matched case write-up, case report with matched comparator, matched single-case report, comparator-matched case report	longitudinal study, follow-up study, panel study, incidence study
相关	5	6
摘要	A matched case report is a structured clinical case write-up in which the index patient is compared against one or more systematically selected matched comparators — typically patients with similar demographics, comorbidities, or clinical settings who did not experience the same unusual outcome. The matched comparator contextualises the index case, strengthening causal inference beyond what a conventional single case report can support, and is used particularly in pharmacovigilance, rare-disease documentation, and novel-intervention reporting.	A cohort study assembles a group of individuals who share a common starting point — typically freedom from the outcome of interest — and follows them over time to observe who develops the outcome. By comparing incidence rates between exposed and unexposed subgroups, researchers can estimate relative risk and absolute risk differences. Cohort studies are the gold-standard observational design for measuring disease incidence and establishing temporal relationships between exposure and outcome.