方法对比

	匹配病例报告	病例系列
领域	流行病学	流行病学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	Late 20th century (widely used from 1990s onward in pharmacovigilance and rare-disease literature)	Longstanding; systematized in 20th century clinical research
提出者	Evolved from standard clinical case reporting practice; no single originator	Historical clinical practice; formalized in modern evidence-based medicine literature
类型	Observational descriptive design with comparator	Observational descriptive study
开创性文献	Gagnier, J. J., Kienle, G., Altman, D. G., Moher, D., Sox, H., & Riley, D. (2013). The CARE guidelines: consensus-based clinical case reporting guideline development. Journal of Medical Case Reports, 7, 223.	Case series. Wikipedia.
别名	matched case write-up, case report with matched comparator, matched single-case report, comparator-matched case report	case series report, clinical case series, consecutive case series, patient series
相关	5	5
摘要	A matched case report is a structured clinical case write-up in which the index patient is compared against one or more systematically selected matched comparators — typically patients with similar demographics, comorbidities, or clinical settings who did not experience the same unusual outcome. The matched comparator contextualises the index case, strengthening causal inference beyond what a conventional single case report can support, and is used particularly in pharmacovigilance, rare-disease documentation, and novel-intervention reporting.	A case series is a descriptive observational study that documents the characteristics, clinical course, and outcomes of a group of patients who share a common condition, exposure, or intervention. Unlike case reports, which focus on a single patient, a case series aggregates data across multiple patients (typically three or more) to identify patterns, generate hypotheses, and characterize rare or novel conditions — without a concurrent control group.