方法对比

	Mann-Whitney U 检验	独立样本t检验
领域	统计学	统计学
方法族	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
起源年份	1947	1908
提出者	H. B. Mann & D. R. Whitney	Student (W. S. Gosset)
类型	Nonparametric two-group comparison	Parametric mean comparison
开创性文献	Mann, H. B. & Whitney, D. R. (1947). On a test of whether one of two random variables is stochastically larger than the other. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 18(1), 50–60.	Student (1908). The probable error of a mean. Biometrika, 6(1), 1–25.
别名	Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Mann-Whitney U Testi	student t-test, two-sample t-test, unpaired t-test, bağımsız örneklem t-testi
相关	4	4
摘要	The Mann-Whitney U test is the nonparametric alternative to the independent samples t-test, comparing two independent groups by ranking all observations together rather than relying on their means. It was introduced by H. B. Mann and D. R. Whitney in 1947 and does not require the data to be normally distributed.	The independent samples t-test is a parametric hypothesis test that compares the means of two independent groups to decide whether they differ significantly. It builds on the t-distribution introduced by Student (W. S. Gosset) in 1908 and assumes the measured values are continuous, approximately normally distributed, and have equal variances.