方法对比

	Lowry Land-Use Transport Model	Accessibility Analysis
领域	Human Geography	Human Geography
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1964	1959
提出者	Ira S. Lowry	Walter G. Hansen
类型	Spatial-interaction-based land-use and activity allocation model of a metropolitan area	Spatial index of the ease of reaching opportunities from a location
开创性文献	Lowry, I. S. (1964). A Model of Metropolis (RM-4035-RC). RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA.	Hansen, W. G. (1959). How accessibility shapes land use. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 25(2), 73–76.
别名	Lowry Model, Model of Metropolis, Lowry-Garin Model, Land-Use Transport Interaction Model	Hansen Accessibility, Gravity Accessibility Measure, Potential Accessibility, Spatial Accessibility Index
相关	4	4
摘要	The Lowry model is the foundational operational model of urban land use, allocating where people live and where services locate around a given pattern of basic employment using spatial-interaction (gravity) distribution. Devised by Ira S. Lowry at the RAND Corporation in 1964 as 'A Model of Metropolis', it treats the city as a system in which basic jobs attract resident workers, those residents demand local services, and the resulting service jobs attract still more residents — a chain solved by iteration until the whole system balances. It launched the entire field of land-use and transport interaction modelling.	Accessibility analysis measures how easily opportunities — jobs, shops, clinics, parks — can be reached from a given location, combining the attractiveness (size) of destinations with the cost of travelling to them. The gravity-based formulation introduced by Walter Hansen in 1959 sums the opportunities at all destinations, each discounted by a distance-decay function of travel cost, producing a single accessibility score per origin that has become a foundational concept in transport geography and urban planning.