方法对比

	纵向调查	移动调查
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1940s (panel survey tradition); longitudinal designs codified mid-20th century	Late 2000s–2010s (accelerated with smartphone adoption, ~2007–2015)
提出者	Established tradition; formalized in social science by Paul Lazarsfeld and colleagues (1940s panel studies)	Emerged from web survey methodology researchers (Couper, Buskirk, Toepoel, and others)
类型	Quantitative / mixed-methods survey design	Quantitative / mixed data collection technique
开创性文献	Menard, S. (2002). Longitudinal Research (2nd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761922292	Toepoel, V., & Lugtig, P. (2014). What happens if you offer a mobile option to your web panel? Evidence from a probability-based panel of internet users. Social Science Computer Review, 32(4), 544–560.
别名	panel survey, repeated-measures survey, longitudinal panel study, wave survey	smartphone survey, mobile web survey, mobile questionnaire, m-survey
相关	3	6
摘要	A longitudinal survey collects structured questionnaire data from the same individuals or units at two or more distinct points in time. By tracking the same respondents across waves, researchers can distinguish genuine change from stable individual differences, establish temporal ordering between variables, and model trajectories of attitudes, behaviors, or outcomes in ways that a single cross-sectional snapshot cannot support.	A mobile survey is a self-report questionnaire designed and administered through smartphones or tablets, either via a mobile-optimized web browser or a dedicated app. As mobile devices became the dominant mode of internet access globally, surveys must be built for small screens, touch interaction, and variable connectivity. Mobile surveys are used across social science, public health, market research, and organizational studies when reaching respondents in their natural, everyday context is a priority.