方法对比
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| 纵向调查× | 队列研究× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域≠ | 调查方法论 | 流行病学 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | 1940s (panel survey tradition); longitudinal designs codified mid-20th century | Mid-20th century (formal epidemiological design codified ~1950s) |
| 提出者≠ | Established tradition; formalized in social science by Paul Lazarsfeld and colleagues (1940s panel studies) | Doll & Hill (British Doctors Study, 1951); Snow (cholera, 1854) |
| 类型≠ | Quantitative / mixed-methods survey design | Observational longitudinal study design |
| 开创性文献≠ | Menard, S. (2002). Longitudinal Research (2nd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761922292 | Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641 |
| 别名 | panel survey, repeated-measures survey, longitudinal panel study, wave survey | longitudinal study, follow-up study, panel study, incidence study |
| 相关≠ | 3 | 6 |
| 摘要≠ | A longitudinal survey collects structured questionnaire data from the same individuals or units at two or more distinct points in time. By tracking the same respondents across waves, researchers can distinguish genuine change from stable individual differences, establish temporal ordering between variables, and model trajectories of attitudes, behaviors, or outcomes in ways that a single cross-sectional snapshot cannot support. | A cohort study assembles a group of individuals who share a common starting point — typically freedom from the outcome of interest — and follows them over time to observe who develops the outcome. By comparing incidence rates between exposed and unexposed subgroups, researchers can estimate relative risk and absolute risk differences. Cohort studies are the gold-standard observational design for measuring disease incidence and establishing temporal relationships between exposure and outcome. |
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