方法对比

	纵向半结构化访谈	纵向焦点小组
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1990s–2000s (as explicit methodology)	1940s (focus groups); longitudinal variant refined 1980s–1990s
提出者	Rooted in longitudinal qualitative research traditions; systematised by Johnny Saldana and Rachel Thomson & Janet Holland	Adapted from Robert K. Merton's focused interview tradition; longitudinal design developed in social and health sciences
类型	Qualitative longitudinal data collection technique	Qualitative longitudinal data collection
开创性文献	Saldana, J. (2003). Longitudinal Qualitative Research: Analyzing Change Through Time. AltaMira Press. ISBN: 978-0759100480	Morgan, D. L. (1997). Focus Groups as Qualitative Research (2nd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761903437
别名	LSI, repeated semi-structured interview, panel qualitative interview, longitudinal qualitative interview	repeated focus group, panel focus group, longitudinal FG, follow-up focus group
相关	6	5
摘要	A longitudinal semi-structured interview study collects open-ended, guided interview data from the same participants across multiple time points. By returning to the same individuals — weeks, months, or years apart — researchers can trace how experiences, perceptions, and meanings change over time. The approach blends the flexibility of qualitative inquiry with the temporal depth that is impossible in a one-shot design, making it a cornerstone method in qualitative longitudinal research.	A longitudinal focus group convenes the same group of participants in multiple sessions over an extended period — weeks, months, or years — to trace how their attitudes, experiences, or interpretations evolve in response to changing circumstances. Unlike a single focus group snapshot, the repeated-contact design captures the dynamics of opinion and meaning-making across time, making it particularly valuable in health, policy, and social research where change is the phenomenon of interest.