方法对比

	纵向项目评估	项目评估
领域	田野方法	田野方法
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1960s–1970s (program evaluation); longitudinal designs formalized 1970s–1980s	1960s–1970s (Scriven 1967; Stufflebeam CIPP model 1971)
提出者	Peter Rossi, Michael Scriven, Donald Campbell (program evaluation tradition)	Michael Scriven; Daniel Stufflebeam; Peter Rossi
类型	Applied evaluation research design	Applied evaluation methodology
开创性文献	Rossi, P. H., Lipsey, M. W., & Freeman, H. E. (2004). Evaluation: A Systematic Approach (7th ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761908944	Rossi, P. H., Lipsey, M. W., & Freeman, H. E. (2004). Evaluation: A Systematic Approach (7th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-0761908944
别名	LPE, longitudinal evaluation, long-term program evaluation, prospective program evaluation	evaluation research, program assessment, educational evaluation, systematic program evaluation
相关	3	3
摘要	Longitudinal program evaluation is an applied research design that tracks the outcomes and processes of a program or intervention across multiple time points — from pre-implementation baseline through medium- and long-term follow-up. Unlike single-point evaluations, it captures how program effects emerge, fade, or evolve over time, enabling evaluators and funders to judge sustained impact, cost-effectiveness, and unintended consequences that would be invisible in a snapshot assessment.	Program evaluation is a systematic, empirically grounded process of collecting and analyzing information about a program to determine its merit, worth, or significance. Applied across education, public health, social services, and policy, it addresses questions such as whether a program is reaching its target population, whether it is being implemented as designed, and whether it is producing the intended outcomes. It draws on both quantitative and qualitative methods and serves accountability, improvement, or knowledge-generation purposes.