方法对比
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| 纵向解释性研究× | 因果比较研究× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 研究设计 | 研究设计 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | 1970s–1990s (formal methodological codification) | 1964 |
| 提出者≠ | Rooted in panel and longitudinal survey traditions; systematised by Scott Menard and others in the late 20th century | Fred N. Kerlinger |
| 类型≠ | Quantitative observational research design | Non-experimental quantitative research design |
| 开创性文献≠ | Menard, S. (2002). Longitudinal Research (2nd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761922452 | Kerlinger, F. N. (1964). Foundations of Behavioral Research. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. link ↗ |
| 别名 | explanatory longitudinal design, longitudinal causal research, explanatory panel study, longitudinal explanatory study | ex post facto research, causal-comparative design, retrospective causal study, CCR |
| 相关≠ | 4 | 3 |
| 摘要≠ | Longitudinal explanatory research combines repeated measurement over time with an explicit aim of explaining why and how variables change or influence one another. Unlike purely descriptive longitudinal designs, the explanatory orientation tests causal or predictive hypotheses by examining temporal precedence — a key criterion for causal inference in non-experimental settings. It is widely used in social, behavioral, educational, and health sciences to disentangle cause from correlation. | Causal-comparative research is a non-experimental quantitative design in which the researcher compares two or more groups that already differ on an independent variable — one that was not manipulated — to investigate possible causes or consequences of that difference. Because group membership is pre-existing rather than randomly assigned, the design can suggest causal relationships but cannot establish them with the certainty of a true experiment. It is widely used in education, psychology, and social sciences when experimental manipulation is impractical or unethical. |
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