方法对比

	Living Standards Measurement Study	Demographic and Health Survey Analysis
领域	Development Studies	Development Studies
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1980	1984
提出者	World Bank (Living Standards Measurement Study programme)	USAID / The DHS Program (ICF)
类型	Multi-topic integrated household survey	Nationally representative population and health survey
开创性文献	Grosh, M., & Glewwe, P. (Eds.). (2000). Designing Household Survey Questionnaires for Developing Countries: Lessons from 15 Years of the Living Standards Measurement Study. Washington, DC: World Bank. ISBN: 9780821345283	Croft, T. N., Marshall, A. M. J., Allen, C. K., et al. (2018). Guide to DHS Statistics: DHS-7. Rockville, MD: ICF, The DHS Program.
别名	LSMS, LSMS Survey, Living Standards Survey, Integrated Household Survey	DHS, Demographic and Health Survey, DHS Program survey, Standard DHS
相关	4	4
摘要	The Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS) is a multi-topic integrated household survey programme launched by the World Bank in 1980 to improve the quality of household data for measuring and analysing welfare in developing countries. Built around a modular questionnaire that links a detailed household interview to community and price questionnaires, the LSMS measures living standards through consumption expenditure rather than income, and connects welfare outcomes to their determinants — employment, education, health, agriculture, and access to services — within a single, internally consistent dataset.	The Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) are nationally representative household surveys that provide standardised, internationally comparable data on population, health, and nutrition in low- and middle-income countries. Funded primarily by USAID and implemented through The DHS Program, they use model questionnaires, a complex multi-stage sample design, and a standardised wealth index to produce indicators of fertility, child and maternal mortality, family planning, child nutrition, and disease prevalence that drive health policy and programme monitoring worldwide.