方法对比

	李克特量表构建	Guttman量表
领域	心理测量学	心理测量学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1932	1944
提出者	Rensis Likert	Louis Guttman
类型	Summated rating scale methodology	Cumulative unidimensional scaling methodology
开创性文献	Likert, R. (1932). A technique for the measurement of attitudes. Archives of Psychology, 22(140), 1-55.	Guttman, L. (1944). A basis for scaling qualitative data. American Sociological Review, 9(2), 139-150.
别名	Likert summated rating scale, Summated rating scale construction	Cumulative scale, Scalogram analysis, Guttman scaling, Unidimensional cumulative scale
相关	5	4
摘要	Likert scale construction is a systematic methodology for developing attitude measurement instruments using summated rating scales. Introduced by Rensis Likert in 1932, it enables researchers to quantify latent constructs such as attitudes, beliefs, and psychological states by aggregating responses across multiple items. The method remains foundational to quantitative social and health sciences research.	Guttman scaling is a methodology for constructing unidimensional scales with a cumulative property, developed by Louis Guttman in 1944. The method assumes that items form a perfect or near-perfect hierarchy: if a respondent endorses a harder item, they must endorse all easier items below it. This creates a reproducible scale structure useful for measuring constructs with ordinal properties such as difficulty, intensity, or severity.