方法对比

	K-Nearest Neighbors	Lasso 回归	岭回归（Ridge Regression）
领域	机器学习	机器学习	机器学习
方法族	Machine learning	Machine learning	Machine learning
起源年份	1967	1996	1970
提出者	Cover, T.M. & Hart, P.E.	Tibshirani, R.	Hoerl, A.E. & Kennard, R.W.
类型	Instance-based (non-parametric) learning	Regularized linear regression (L1 penalty)	L2-regularized linear regression
开创性文献	Cover, T.M. & Hart, P.E. (1967). Nearest Neighbor Pattern Classification. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 13(1), 21–27.	Tibshirani, R. (1996). Regression Shrinkage and Selection via the Lasso. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B, 58(1), 267–288.	Hoerl, A.E. & Kennard, R.W. (1970). Ridge Regression: Biased Estimation for Nonorthogonal Problems. Technometrics, 12(1), 55–67.
别名	KNN, K-En Yakın Komşu (KNN), nearest neighbor classifier, instance-based learning	LASSO Regresyonu, lasso, L1-regularized regression, L1 regularization	Ridge Regresyonu, ridge regresyonu, L2-regularized regression, Tikhonov regularization
相关	5	4	4
摘要	K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), formalized by Cover and Hart in 1967, is a non-parametric, instance-based method that classifies or predicts a new observation by looking at the k closest examples in the training data. For classification it takes a majority vote among those neighbors; for regression it averages their values.	Lasso regression, introduced by Robert Tibshirani in 1996, is a linear regression method that adds an L1 penalty to the loss so that it shrinks coefficients and performs variable selection at the same time, producing a sparse model. By driving some coefficients exactly to zero it keeps only the predictors that matter.	Ridge Regression is an L2-regularized linear regression method, introduced by Arthur Hoerl and Robert Kennard in 1970, that reduces multicollinearity by adding a penalty on the size of the coefficients. It shrinks coefficients toward zero without setting any of them exactly to zero, producing more stable estimates when predictors are highly correlated.