方法对比

	Key-Informant Interview	Ethnographic Mapping
领域	Anthropology	Anthropology
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1979	2017
提出者	Ethnographic interviewing tradition (Spradley; codified by Bernard)	Ethnographic fieldwork tradition (codified by Bernard)
类型	Purposive in-depth interviewing of especially knowledgeable or well-positioned community members	Field procedure for documenting a community's physical and social space
开创性文献	Bernard, H. R. (2017). Research Methods in Anthropology: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches (6th ed.). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN: 9780759112421	Bernard, H. R. (2017). Research Methods in Anthropology: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches (6th ed.). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN: 9780759112421
别名	Key Informant Interviewing, Cultural Expert Interview, Knowledgeable Informant Interview, Specialized Informant Interview	Community Mapping, Sketch Mapping, Spatial Ethnography, Field Mapping
相关	4	4
摘要	The key-informant interview is a purposive in-depth interviewing technique in which the ethnographer works closely with a small number of especially knowledgeable or well-positioned community members rather than a representative sample. Key informants are people who, by experience, role, or position, can articulate cultural knowledge a typical member could not. The method centers on selecting such people well, building genuine rapport, eliciting their expertise through ethnographic questioning, and cross-checking what they say against other informants and observations to guard against bias.	Ethnographic mapping is a fieldwork technique in which the researcher — rather than the participants — systematically records a community's physical and social space: the layout of households, the placement of resources such as wells, markets, and fields, the boundaries people recognize, and the routine paths along which people and goods move. Sketch maps drawn in the field and georeferenced coordinates captured with GPS are treated as primary ethnographic data, not mere illustration. The resulting map anchors observation, sampling, and interpretation in the concrete geography of social life.