方法对比

	Isovist Analysis	Pedestrian Flow Analysis
领域	Urban Studies	Urban Studies
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1979	1995
提出者	Michael L. Benedikt	Dirk Helbing & Péter Molnár (social force model)
类型	Geometric analysis of the space visible from a vantage point	Measurement and simulation of pedestrian movement and flow
开创性文献	Benedikt, M. L. (1979). To take hold of space: isovists and isovist fields. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 6(1), 47–65.	Helbing, D., & Molnár, P. (1995). Social force model for pedestrian dynamics. Physical Review E, 51(5), 4282–4286.
别名	Visibility Polygon Analysis, Isovist Fields, Viewshed Analysis (Architectural), Visual Field Analysis	Pedestrian Movement Analysis, Footfall Analysis, Crowd Flow Modelling, Pedestrian Traffic Analysis
相关	4	4
摘要	Isovist analysis describes the experience of space by computing, for any vantage point, the exact region that is visible from it — the isovist, or visibility polygon. Introduced by Michael Benedikt in 1979, the method turns intuitive notions of openness, enclosure and prospect into measurable quantities such as the area, perimeter and compactness of the visible field. By repeating the construction across a grid of points one obtains an isovist field that maps how visibility varies throughout a building or urban space, making it a core analytic tool in space syntax, architecture and environmental psychology.	Pedestrian flow analysis measures and models how people move on foot through streets, plazas, transit stations and buildings, combining empirical counts with simulations of individual walking behaviour. It treats walking as a flow phenomenon — characterised by density, speed and volume — while also resolving the micro-scale decisions of individual pedestrians through agent-based and social-force models. Building on the social force model of Dirk Helbing and Péter Molnár (1995), the approach links observed gate counts and flow–density relationships to mechanistic simulations that can predict congestion, evacuation times and the effect of design changes before they are built.