方法对比

	Isolation Index	Atkinson Index	Index of Dissimilarity	Lorenz Curve
领域	Sociology	Sociology	Sociology	Sociology
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1954	1970	1955	1905
提出者	Wendell Bell (formalization of P* indices)	Anthony Barnes Atkinson	Otis Dudley Duncan & Beverly Duncan	Max Otto Lorenz
类型	Exposure-dimension segregation index	Welfare-based, parameterized inequality index	Index of evenness of two groups across units	Graphical representation of distributional inequality
开创性文献	Bell, W. (1954). A probability model for the measurement of ecological segregation. Social Forces, 32(4), 357–364.	Atkinson, A. B. (1970). On the measurement of inequality. Journal of Economic Theory, 2(3), 244–263.	Duncan, O. D., & Duncan, B. (1955). A methodological analysis of segregation indexes. American Sociological Review, 20(2), 210–217.	Lorenz, M. O. (1905). Methods of measuring the concentration of wealth. Publications of the American Statistical Association, 9(70), 209–219.
别名	P* isolation index, interaction index, exposure index, Bell isolation index	Atkinson inequality measure, Atkinson's A, welfare-based inequality index	dissimilarity index, Duncan index, D index, segregation index	Lorenz concentration curve, Lorenz diagram, cumulative share curve
相关	5	5	5	5
摘要	The isolation index measures the exposure dimension of segregation: the extent to which members of a minority group are exposed only to one another rather than to members of other groups. It answers the question 'what is the own-group share of the typical neighbor (or classmate, or coworker) that a member of the focal group encounters?' Unlike evenness measures, it depends on the relative size of the group as well as its spatial distribution.	The Atkinson index is a welfare-based measure of inequality that incorporates an explicit, analyst-chosen parameter for how much society dislikes inequality. Introduced by Anthony Atkinson in 1970, it asks what fraction of total income could be discarded, under an equal distribution, while leaving social welfare unchanged — making the ethical judgement behind any inequality comparison transparent rather than hidden.	The index of dissimilarity, often called the Duncan segregation index, measures how unevenly two groups — such as two racial or occupational groups — are distributed across a set of units like neighborhoods, schools, or occupations. It ranges from 0, when both groups have identical distributions across units, to 1, when the units are completely segregated, and has the intuitive interpretation of the share of one group that would have to relocate to achieve an even distribution.	The Lorenz curve is a graphical device that displays the full shape of inequality in a distribution by plotting the cumulative share of a quantity (such as income) held by the cumulative share of the population, ranked from poorest to richest. Introduced by Max Lorenz in 1905, it underlies the Gini coefficient and provides the basis for ranking distributions by inequality when one curve lies entirely above another.