方法对比

	评分者间信度（Cohen's κ 和 ICC）	Cohen's Kappa Coefficient	克朗巴赫α系数（信度分析）
领域	心理测量学	统计学	统计学
方法族	Latent structure	Hypothesis test	Latent structure
起源年份	1960 (kappa); 1979 (ICC)	1960	1951
提出者	Cohen (kappa, 1960); Shrout & Fleiss (ICC, 1979)	Jacob Cohen	Lee J. Cronbach
类型	Reliability / agreement analysis	Inter-rater reliability coefficient	Reliability / internal consistency coefficient
开创性文献	Cohen, J. (1960). A Coefficient of Agreement for Nominal Scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20(1), 37–46.	Cohen, J. (1960). A Coefficient of Agreement for Nominal Scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20(1), 37–46.	Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297–334.
别名	inter-rater reliability, interrater agreement, rater agreement, Değerlendiriciler Arası Güvenilirlik (Cohen's κ, ICC)	kappa coefficient, kappa statistic, Cohen's Kappa (Değerlendiriciler Arası Uyum)	coefficient alpha, alpha reliability, internal consistency reliability, Güvenilirlik Analizi (Cronbach Alpha)
相关	6	3	4
摘要	Interrater reliability quantifies the degree to which two or more independent raters produce consistent scores when evaluating the same individuals or products. The family encompasses Cohen's kappa, introduced in 1960 for categorical judgments, and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for continuous ratings, together spanning most measurement scenarios encountered in behavioral, health, and educational research.	Cohen's kappa (κ) is a statistical measure of inter-rater reliability for categorical classifications, introduced by Jacob Cohen in 1960. Unlike simple percent agreement, kappa corrects for the level of agreement that would be expected purely by chance, making it the standard metric when two raters independently assign observations to the same set of mutually exclusive categories.	Cronbach's alpha is a coefficient of internal consistency that quantifies the degree to which a set of items on a scale measures the same underlying construct. Introduced by Lee J. Cronbach in 1951, it remains the most widely reported reliability index in social-science, health, and educational research.