方法对比

	影响诊断 (库克距离, DFFITS, 杠杆率)	中位数绝对离差 (MAD) 估计	岭回归（Ridge Regression）
领域	统计学	统计学	机器学习
方法族	Regression model	Regression model	Machine learning
起源年份	1977	1974	1970
提出者	R. Dennis Cook (Cook's distance); Belsley, Kuh & Welsch (DFFITS, leverage)	Hampel (influence-curve treatment); classical robust statistics	Hoerl, A.E. & Kennard, R.W.
类型	Regression diagnostic	Robust scale estimator	L2-regularized linear regression
开创性文献	Cook, R. D. (1977). Detection of Influential Observations in Linear Regression. Technometrics, 19(1), 15-18.	Hampel, F. R. (1974). The Influence Curve and Its Role in Robust Estimation. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 69(346), 383-393.	Hoerl, A.E. & Kennard, R.W. (1970). Ridge Regression: Biased Estimation for Nonorthogonal Problems. Technometrics, 12(1), 55–67.
别名	Cook's distance, DFFITS, leverage, influential observation detection	median absolute deviation, MAD scale estimator, robust scale estimation, Medyan Mutlak Sapma (MAD) Tahmini	Ridge Regresyonu, ridge regresyonu, L2-regularized regression, Tikhonov regularization
相关	5	5	4
摘要	Influence diagnostics are a family of post-fit measures that quantify how much each single observation affects a fitted regression. Cook's distance was introduced by R. Dennis Cook in 1977, with leverage and DFFITS formalised by Belsley, Kuh and Welsch in 1980, to flag the observations that most strongly pull the estimated coefficients.	Median Absolute Deviation estimation is a robust measure of statistical dispersion that replaces the standard deviation when outliers are present. Rooted in the influence-curve framework formalised by Hampel (1974), it summarises the spread of a continuous variable using medians instead of means, so a single extreme value cannot distort the result.	Ridge Regression is an L2-regularized linear regression method, introduced by Arthur Hoerl and Robert Kennard in 1970, that reduces multicollinearity by adding a penalty on the size of the coefficients. It shrinks coefficients toward zero without setting any of them exactly to zero, producing more stable estimates when predictors are highly correlated.